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Thursday, September 22, 2011

Neutrino's supposedly faster than light.

Off-topic:
Neutrinos Travel Faster Than Light, According to One Experiment

I got really excited when I read that "... particles had been found that travel faster than light ...". ( local teletext ). Wouldn't that be amazing? I mean, all the major scientific discoveries seem to have been made in the distant past. ( Physics and mathematics, I mean ). That would change overnight if Einstein's law of relativity got broken.

My guess? A measurement error. They are talking about a particle that traveled 60 nanoseconds faster than expected. One nanosecond is 1/10^9 part of a second. I am sure they have found some ingenuous way to measure speeds involving figures like that, but NOT when the figures depend on GPS! Come on, GPS.

I am afraid that this could turn into something very, very embarrassing for CERN. I hope their P/R people are as brilliant as the scientists they employ. ( Except the guy who was -?- responsible for measuring the speed of neutrino's, of course. )

Exercise ( algebra )

Given that $$x^n-y^n = (x-y) (\sum_{k=1}^n x^{n-k}y^{k-1} )$$ with for example: $$x^4-y^4 = (x-y)(x^3 +x^2y +xy^2 + y^3)$$.
a) How would you factorize $x^5 + y^5$?
b) Generalize.
c) Prove the identity above for $x^n-y^n$ using mathematical induction.

Sunday, September 18, 2011

Exercise ( logic ).

Knowledge of mathematics is not required to solve the following exercise, but it will sure help ;-)

Dr. Who asked you for a ride in the Tardis. Naturally, you couldn't decline, it might be a matter of national, if not global, importance. The Tardis landed on the Planet of Truth which is is inhabited by people who always tell the truth. A minority however decided to lie, always. It is Doctor Who's mission to seek and destroy all liars. First you must get to the Capital of the Planet. Two roads fork out. Should you go left, or right? An inhabitant approaches, greets you and gives you the privilege of asking him one Yes/No question.

Ask him where the capital is, left or right on the fork, but beware he might be a liar!

Credit follows with the answer.

Take the challenge, test your ability to think logically.

Saturday, September 17, 2011

Study Tip - 3 ( mathematics does not have to be difficult )

Being a programmer who studies math (, a math studying programmer, whatever ) gives me access to the literature of the foundations of computer science. Now and then I browse the libraries. I thought to have a found a book that fits my level, so I read the preface to check if I was right. The author Alan Parkes made the following interesting statement.

For Students : I wrote this book partly because when I studied this material as part of my own Computing degree, I had to work really hard to understand the material, a situation which arose not because the material is too difficult, but because it was not well presented ...

from Preface of A Concise Introduction to Languages and Machines by Alan P. Parkes, Springer 2008.

I have seen video of a lecture on MSRI where the researcher / professor held 'a talk' ( there is a subtle difference between 'a talk', a presentation and a lecture, 'a talk' is a euphemism for a not well prepared presentation ) about a subject from scribbled notes. Most of the lecture he stood with his back to the audience mumbling while scribbling math. End of lecture. Goodbye. It was expected of the audience to write up notes from his mumblings and scribbles. - Folk like that, probably based on a brilliant thought they had decades ago, get the opportunity to write books too. Once in the hands of ( then ) students like Alan Parkes they make the learning experience troublesome to say the least.

Well written, illustrated mathematics followed by examples, more examples, examples of exercises, exercises with written solutions and so forth make studying mathematics easy. ( Think of an Open University booklet, a good one ). Open University booklets are written by course teams for students and not by professors who write to impress... who actually?

Tip 4: Change books

If you have difficulty with a ( mathematics ) subject then find another book about the subject. Check how the other author explains the topic. Try a third, fourth if necessary. This method is guaranteed to work. When you are close to revision for an exam it stimulates to read through the material written by someone else. Different exercises, and so on.

Finally: authors who write for students are read, respected and remembered.

Sunday, September 11, 2011

Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (4-4)

What a totally insane day this is. Everybody knows that the official 9/11 story is a lie and the mainstream media are repeating that same lie. The US government is criminal, period.

People that have been very important to 9-11 truth are:
- Alex Jones,
- Dr. Stephen Jones,
- David Ray Griffin,
- Prof. James H. Fetzer,
- Dr. Judy Wood
- and many others
I deeply respect their courage to come forward and tell the truth.

I say no more.

Visit
- Scholars for 9/11 Truth
- Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth


Previous posts:
- Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (1)
- Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (2)
- Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (3)

Saturday, September 10, 2011

Reading fiction about mathematics

This is a lighthearted, enjoyable novel about a bumbling but likable mathematics professor at an unnamed university who believes that he has discovered a solution to a famous mathematical puzzle known as "Beauregard's Wild Number Problem."

A novel set in the world of contemporary mathematics: The Wild Numbers by Philibert Schogt. Doesn't that sound great? I mean actually having the time to leisurely read novels, stroll through the city, drink coffee somewhere. Haven't read it yet, but I will, someday, I must really. :-)

Friday, September 9, 2011

Is M381 True or False ?

In facebook I have a photo album with mathematics related pictures. Sometime ago I added the picture below. I thought it was a joke...


... but I could not have been further from the truth. The picture could have been taken at any Open University M381 tutorial. This student is not clueless, on the contrary: he contemplates about some deep mathematics.

Anyway, if you have always wanted to give an answer to the layman's question: "But can you -prove- that 1+1 = 2?" then M381 is your course.

Thursday, September 8, 2011

Prime?

A prime p is a number with two positive divisors: 1 and p. Note how this definition nicely excludes 1 which has only one positive divisor. Then the primes are: $$2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29, \cdots$$
Wait! What about:
$$ 5 = -i \cdot (1 + 2i) \cdot (2 + i)$$
This is an example of a factorization in the quadratic field of Gaussian Integers. It is therefore not enough to say that a number is prime. Primality is relative in relation to the number field.

The mathematician Lamé thought to have cracked Fermat's Last Theorem in 1847. Needless to say that his proof contained an error. He overlooked the fact that prime factorization was not unique in a number system he used in his proof.

In Mathematica factorization is done with:

FactorInteger[n],

factorization using Gaussian integers is done with:

FactorInteger[5, GaussianIntegers -> True].

Wednesday, September 7, 2011

Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (3)

What have -you- seen on 9/11? Are you sure that what you saw on TV really happened?

Ten years, what does that mean? A first year math student of 18 was only 8 in 2001. The story must be told and re-told because 9/11 is an important part of the history of -the world-. - Anyone older than, say 28, probably remembers 9/11 as if it was yesterday. I do, definitely, I can't forget 9/11. Especially in periods like this, with the 10th anniversary and so forth, it keeps going through my mind. Why?! I have asked that question many, many times. Because I have seen things on TV that are scientifically impossible but everybody accepted it as the truth. That brought me in a condition of doubt. Therefore the following video came as a relief to me. Things that I thought to have seen were finally confirmed.

This is the video that confirmed what I thought to have seen. ( Three parts, part 2 and part 3 on YouTube ).



Previous posts:
- Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (1)
- Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (2)

Tuesday, September 6, 2011

Perrin numbers

Let $P(0)=3, P(1)=0, P(2)=2$ and $$P(k) = P(k-2) + P(k-3.)$$ These numbers are called the Perrin numbers. They have the interesting property that $\mod{[P(k), k]} = 0$ in almost all cases when k is prime. ( Otherwise we would have found a true prime generator! ). In any case the property holds until $k=271441.$ Interesting, isn't it? See the table below for the first 40 Perrin numbers.

k P[k] Mod[P[k],k] PrimeQ
2 2 0 True
3 3 0 True
4 2 2 False
5 5 0 True
6 5 5 False
7 7 0 True
8 10 2 False
9 12 3 False
10 17 7 False
11 22 0 True
12 29 5 False
13 39 0 True
14 51 9 False
15 68 8 False
16 90 10 False
17 119 0 True
18 158 14 False
19 209 0 True
20 277 17 False
21 367 10 False
22 486 2 False
23 644 0 True
24 853 13 False
25 1130 5 False
26 1497 15 False
27 1983 12 False
28 2627 23 False
29 3480 0 True
30 4610 20 False
31 6107 0 True
32 8090 26 False
33 10717 25 False
34 14197 19 False
35 18807 12 False
36 24914 2 False
37 33004 0 True
38 43721 21 False
39 57918 3 False
40 76725 5 False

Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (2)

I am a big fan of the BBC because of its documentaries, Sherlock, Doctor Who, Torchwood and even EastEnders ( although I am 'clean' these days ). For many years I looked at the BBC as -the- independent source of world news, but 9/11 changed that, unfortunately. Reading the following below may shatter your trust in the BBC.

Links:
- The BBC’s Instrument of 9/11 Misinformation ( from: VetaransToday by prof. Jim Fetzer )
- Off-topic: 9/11 Revisited (1)

Saturday, September 3, 2011

Fibonacci Sequence - Revisited

Some thoughts about my progress in maths. - I browsed through some old blog posts to get a feeling for how much I progressed with my maths. That was the original purpose anyway. Six years ago I wrote about the Fibonacci sequence as I am nowadays. It often feels if I make no real progress. I see mountains ahead of me, when I look back I see a tiny road. I don't believe in working hard, working smart should do the trick. On the plus side I can say that today I can prove Binet's formula and give at least three alternative formulas for the series. I don't know I even knew the formula in 2006. If progress is thinking about the Fibonacci series as something trivial then that is not what I expected. When I was in secondary school the mathematics teachers seemed to have acquired infinite knowledge about mathematics. I am sure that I know at least as much about math as the average high school teacher. That should give me a sense of satisfaction, achievement. It does not. Link: - Max Cohen draws the golden spiral

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Mathematics: is it the fabric of MEST?
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To uncover hidden structures
To create new theorems and proofs
To boldly go where no man has gone before




(Raumpatrouille – Die phantastischen Abenteuer des Raumschiffes Orion, colloquially aka Raumpatrouille Orion was the first German science fiction television series. Its seven episodes were broadcast by ARD beginning September 17, 1966. The series has since acquired cult status in Germany. Broadcast six years before Star Trek first aired in West Germany (in 1972), it became a huge success.)